NOW(): Retrieves the current date and time.
DATE_ADD(): Adds a specific amount of time to a date.
DATEDIFF(): Calculates the difference between two dates or times.
DATEPART(): Extracts a specific part (e.g year, month, day) from a date.

NOW()

SELECT NOW() AS current_datetime;

#DATE_ADD()

SELECT rental_id, rental_date, DATE_ADD(rental_date, INTERVAL 7 DAY) AS extended_return_date
FROM rental
LIMIT 5;

#DATEDIFF()

SELECT customer_id, MAX(rental_date) AS last_rental, DATEDIFF(NOW(), MAX(rental_date)) AS days_since_last_rental
FROM rental
GROUP BY customer_id
ORDER BY days_since_last_rental ASC
LIMIT 5;

#EXTRACT()

SELECT rental_id, rental_date, EXTRACT(MONTH FROM rental_date) AS rental_month, EXTRACT(YEAR FROM rental_date) AS rental_year
FROM rental
ORDER BY rental_date DESC
LIMIT 5;

#Formatting dates and timezones

FORMAT(): This function allows you to format a date or time into a specific string representation, making it more human-readable. SWITHOFFSET(): Adjusts the time zone offset for a given datetime value.